Alcohol can have a similar effect but also cause cirrhosis of the liver, enlarging the spleen and causing platelets to build up. Medicines and alcohol: Over-the-counter painkillers and certain antibiotics can slow platelet production while being used, causing drug-induced thrombocytopenia.Aplastic anemia: Although uncommon, this disorder where blood production in the bone marrow stops is severe.Viruses: Certain contagious viruses like chickenpox, mono and rubella can temporarily lower your platelet count.Cancer treatments that are not localized to tumors, such as chemotherapy and radiation, also damage these cells. Cancer: Leukemia, lymphoma and cancers that spread to the bone marrow can slow platelet production.Though genetic conditions can lead to thrombocytopenia, there is often an underlying health condition or lifestyle factor that causes the issue: Low platelet count can occur when the body fails to produce enough platelets and destroys the platelets before being used or stores too many in the spleen. What causes thrombocytopenia and how is it diagnosed? A count below 150,000 indicates a serious condition known as thrombocytopenia. To be effective, platelets need to number between 150,000 to 450,000 per microliter of blood for an adult. Maintaining a healthy range of platelets is critical, as too high or too low a count can result in serious medical conditions. They continue secreting proteins to create a seal when a blood vessel breaks, stemming from external or internal bleeding. Platelets are composed of particular proteins that allow them to bind to each other and with blood vessel linings. Megakaryocytes, large bone marrow cells, fragment as they develop, resulting in platelets released into the blood. ![]() Like most blood cells, platelets are formed in bone marrow. These cell fragments are only one-fifth of a red blood cell size and constitute only a small portion of overall blood volume. Platelets are one of the primary blood components, whose main function is to prevent bleeding through clotting. Caused by these specific conditions and others, thrombocytopenia is the most common and broadest of all platelet-related disorders. Genetic problems and faulty antibodies can lead to small clotting issues in the body, as with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA), or platelet damage, as with complement-mediated TMA. Too high a platelet count can mean an increased risk of blood clots while too few can cause several diseases.
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